biologics – Page 3 – BioProcessing Journal

Risk Assessment of Residual Genomic DNA in Therapeutic Proteins Using Gene Copy Number Application

Therapeutic proteins manufactured in cellular systems contain residual DNA derived from host cell substrates used in production. Risk assessment of the residual host cell DNA is necessary, as some of these DNA sequences may be potentially infectious or oncogenic. Oncogenic potential lies in transmission of the activated oncogenes to subjects receiving the product, thereby inducing oncogenic events. Therefore, it becomes essential for drug manufacturers to show clearance of genomic DNA (oncogenic sequences as well) throughout production processes and to confirm low levels of residual DNA in the final drug substance. This study attempted to estimate the oncogenes in the total residual DNA using a highly sensitive, specific, and robust method—quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Routinely, total residual DNA is estimated using either the 18S ribosomal (r)DNA gene or Alu equivalent multicopy gene sequence as qPCR targets. We have determined the copy numbers of these qPCR targets along with the oncogene (Ras gene) and housekeeping genes (ACTB and GAPDH) and established a ratio of their presence in protein samples. Another objective of the study was to estimate the level of oncogenes from several in-process step samples in the manufacturing and purification process and check the clearance of total residual DNA including oncogenes. Upon quantification, the proportions of oncogenes present were one tenth of the quantified residual DNA levels (Ras gene:18S RNA) in the purification stage samples, providing information that the therapeutic protein product was safe from the presence of oncogenes in residual DNA by a factor of ten…

Biologics Production

biologics biopharmaceuticals DNA gene copy number oncogenic sequences purification process qpcr residual genomic dna risk assessments therapeutic proteins

Biobanking Operations: Contingency Planning and Disaster Recovery of Research Samples

Biobanking is a critical component to realizing the promises of translational research and personalized medicine. The proper collection, processing, storage, and tracking of human biological samples allows researchers to better link molecular and clinical information, which in theory, allows for the development of more targeted therapies for patients. Realizing the scientific potential of well-annotated, properly preserved sample collections has led to the proliferation of large-scale biobanks by biopharmaceutical companies, academic organizations, governments, and non-profit research organizations. To this point, conservative industry projections estimate that in the United States, there are at least 300 million tissue samples in biobanks with an estimated accrual rate of 20 million samples annually…

Biologics Production

biobanking biologics biopharmaceuticals contingency planning molecule information recovering research samples research samples

Rapid and Effective Monitoring of Baculovirus Concentrations in Bioprocess Fluid Using the ViroCyt® Virus Counter®

The licensing of recombinant vaccines produced using the baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) has cleared the way for the production of a variety of biopharmaceuticals produced using this technology. Obtaining accurate estimates of both total and infectious baculovirus titer in upstream and downstream bioprocess fluids is one of many process controls that will need to be addressed during the development phase of a product’s lifecycle. Traditional plaque-titer methods require 5–7 days of incubation in order to reveal plaques that may be enumerated, and is further complicated by plaques created by multiple viruses that may be scored as a single plaque, thereby lowering the titer estimate. Titer assays based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have been developed, but they measure the presence of baculovirus genes, not virus particles. This often results in titers one or two logs higher than the actual titer. Immunoassays correlate with host cell infection and virus replication, but they too can be time-consuming and difficult to interpret. Our goal was to identify a method that would provide estimates of both total and infectious virus particles in as close to real-time as possible. We have evaluated the ViroCyt Virus Counter over the course of three years and have found it to provide accurate and reproducible estimates of both titer types in as little as 30 minutes. We have created an algorithm that converts total virus particle counts into estimates of infectious titer and tested these values in virus amplifications. The Virus Counter method of titer determination has also been used to track the quantity of virus particles in the culture supernatant of stirred-tank bioreactors infected with standard baculovirus stocks and with baculovirus-infected insect cells (BIIC)…

Biologics Production

baculovirus express system baculovirus expression system baculovirus titer baculovirus vector BEVS biologics biopharmaceutical manufacturing biopharmaceuticals cell counting cell culture cgmp immunoassays insect cell culture recombinant vaccines vaccine production viral titer virocyt

Optimising Vaccine Process Scale-Up of Attachment-Dependent Cells Using Micro Bioreactors and Microcarriers

The trend for increased vaccine production is being driven by the requirement to produce affordable prophylactic vaccines for use in emerging markets, and also for newer types of therapeutic vaccines to treat an ever-increasing array of diseases such as cancer. These drivers, coupled with the current need to produce vaccines rapidly for pandemic threats and seasonal influenza prevention, has lead to the investigation of rapid method development for optimising the scale-up of cGMP-compliant manufacturing processes…

Biologics Production

attachment-dependent cells biologics biopharmaceutical manufacturing cell culture cgmp microbioreactor microcarriers pandemic threats process scale-up therapeutic vaccines vaccine production

Impact of Process Loading on Optimization and Scale-Up of TFF Microfiltration

Tangential flow filtration (TFF) microfiltration has been used as one of the choices for clarification of mammalian cell or microbial cell culture in the biopharmaceutical industry. Unlike the ultrafiltration process for protein concentration and the diafiltration application where the feed solution is relatively clean (free of colloids or larger particles after the clarification/purification process), the microfiltration process needs to handle a rather high-fouling feed stream such as cells, cell debris, colloids, etc. In a previously published article, we discussed that a TFF microfiltration step is limited by a maximum throughput or capacity obtainable under a given set of operating conditions. Some distinct microfiltration characteristics, such as critical permeate flux, permeate flux control, and maximum throughput were explained in that article…

Biologics Production

biologics biopharmaceutical manufacturing cell culture purification critical permeate flux diafiltration downstream purification maximum throughput microfiltration permeate flux control tangential flow filtration tff ultrafiltration

Selection of Clarification Methods for Improved Downstream Performance and Economics

The production of biopharmaceutical drugs typically involves a biological expression within a bacterial, yeast, or mammalian cell expansion system. Getting to the final product requires multiple purification steps, from primary clarification to the final formulation and sterile filtration. The aim of the initial purification steps is not to purify the stream perfectly but rather, to prepare the stream for finer and more specific purification steps further downstream. Apart from efficiently removing contaminants, the clarification stages also need to maintain high product recovery whilst being consistent and robust.

Baculovirus Expression Technology Bioinformatics Biologics Biologics Production Cell Lines Process Automation Quality Risk Management (QRM) Regulatory Research

aex polishing biologics biopharmaceuticals cex purification clarification depth filtration downstream economics downstream performance hcp hic host cell proteins hydrophobic interaction chromatography

Regulatory and Monetary Drivers for Real-Time Analytics

Implementation of “real-time” analytics (RTA) in processes for biologics is challenging from a technological and timeline perspective. Therefore, there need to be significant drivers from both a regulatory (quality) and a monetary standpoint to justify investment. Understanding how regulatory agencies define real-time analytics and the expectations for implementations (how and when) is a key component to rational decision-making, and dovetailing process improvement and facility design is important in the planning and development process…

Biologics Production Cell & Gene Therapy Cell Lines Mammalian Cell Culture Manufacturing Regulatory Viral Reference Materials Viral Vectors

at-line analytics biolgics design space biologics cpp critical process parameters design-of-experiments doe fda guidance fmea in-line analytics ind investigational new drug mabs monoclonal antibodies on-line analytics pat process analytical technology real-time analytics regulatory considerations rta

Quality Risk Management Application Review in Pharmaceutical and Biopharmaceutical Industries

An interesting situation occurred ten years ago in an industry where quality had been the critical factor in management decision-making. Quality was abruptly bumped to second place behind pricing, which started a global rush to find lower-cost suppliers and eventually resulted in massive outsourcing. During this evolution, the importance of quality systems for the pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical community was recognized by regulatory agencies that began establishing risk management standards.

Biologics Biologics Production Bioreactor Scale-Up Cell & Gene Therapy Cell Lines Fed-Batch Bioreactor Process HEK293 Mammalian Cell Culture Manufacturing Regulatory Viral Reference Materials Viral Vectors

biologics biopharmaceuticals cgmp fmea GMP iso pharmaceuticals QRM quality risk management risk analysis risk evaluation risk management

Manufacturing Cellular Therapy Products in an Academic Facility

Cellular therapy is currently generating great interest in the treatment of a variety of diseases. In turn, this interest has stimulated the Center of Biologics Evaluation and Research of the Food and Drug Administration to examine its regulatory approach to the products used for these therapies. As a result, facilities preparing cell therapy products are now regarded as manufacturers, and are expected to comply with current Good Manufacturing Practices and/or the proposed current Good Tissue Practices. Compliance with these practices can be a culture shock to some academic centers whose background is firmly in research. The FDA has indicated that there is a sliding scale of compliance depending on the phase of the clinical study. The difficulty for centers is deciding where they fall on the compliance scale, as well as determining what changes must be made to come into compliance. This article reviews some of the factors that must be considered when making these decisions…

Cell & Gene Therapy Manufacturing Regulatory

biologics compliance

Emerging Virus and TSE Issues for Bovine-Derived Raw Materials Used in the Manufacture of Biological Products

The use of animal products, such as bovine serum, in the manufacture of biologics is a common practice. The United States’ Code of Federal Regulations, part nine (9CFR), dictates mandatory testing for viruses. In the last few years, we have learned that certain viruses undetected in industry standard tests, like the 9CFR assay, can cause significant contamination of bovine products. Last year in Europe, new guidelines from the Committee for Veterinary Medicinal Products (CVMP), and draft guidelines from the Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products (CPMP), were published to address testing requirements for bovine serum. The use of these European Guidelines for bovine serum testing broadens the ability to detect viral contamination…

Biologics Production Manufacturing

biologics contaminant control raw materials testing viral contamination

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