Tag: <span>vaccines</span>

Preliminary studies with a variety of cell-based vaccines suggest target ­accessibility (­potential immunogenicity) to immune-directed approaches in a ­variety of solid tumors. However, four primary factors limit the ­generation of effective immune-mediated ­anticancer activity in therapeutic applications: 1) identifying and/or targeting cancer-associated immunogen(s) (target) in an individual patient; 2) insufficient or inhibited level of antigen-presenting cell (dendritic cell, macrophage) ­priming and/or presentation; 3) suboptimal T cell activation (potency) and proliferation; and 4) cancer-induced inhibition of the anticancer immune response in both afferent and efferent limbs…

Biologics Production Manufacturing

We have designed a novel autologous vaccine by combining two vaccine strategies that have each been previously tested in separate non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) clinical trials: 1) a GM-CSF gene transduced tumor cell vaccine; and 2) a TGFβ2 antisense gene transduced cell vaccine. Each has demonstrated similar beneficial effects without any evidence of ­significant toxicity in advanced cancer patients…

Biologics Production Manufacturing

In order to move product development forward, the majority of biotech companies and academic institutions involved in cell-based therapies need new facilities in order to scale up production capabilities and comply with evolving regulatory requirements. Some institutions choose to use a contract manufacturing organization (CMO) to benefit from established expertise while others support their clinical development programs with their own dedicated production facility. The main challenges in establishing a dedicated pilot-scale production facility are described hereafter…

Manufacturing Regulatory

Humans have enjoyed large-scale protection against many infectious and contagious diseases since 1796, when Edward Jenner first introduced a vaccination against smallpox by an active immunization technique. Vaccination has proved itself to be the most successful solution for preventing the occurrence of many infectious diseases that previously caused serious illnesses, post-recovery ailments, and even death (e.g., smallpox, diphtheria)…

Biologics Production

Despite the existence of effective vaccines against Hepatitis B virus, the infection with it remains an important problem worldwide due to its association with hepatocellular carcinoma. Several procedures have been used to purify the Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) for immunization purposes. Immuno-purification using HBsAg-specific murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) has been one of the most successful strategies for such a purpose due to the high antigen selectivity (high affinity) of MAbs…

Biologics Production

The Vero cell line is one of the most widely used continuous cell lines in the world, cited in over 10,000 publications. Though originally developed as a host for viral replication, uses for this highly adaptable cell line have expanded far beyond the research laboratory to include diagnostic practices in hospitals, epidemiological surveys, in vitro fertilization clinics, bacterial toxin assays, and vaccine production. ATCC has played a pivotal role in this expansion by distributing the Vero cell line, ATCC® CCL-81™, to the worldwide scientific research community. Recently, ATCC developed a fully-characterized master cell bank of Vero cells prepared under current good manufacturing practice (cGMP) conditions (ATCC® CCL-81.4™). This report traces the history of the Vero cell line from its origins in the laboratory of Dr. Yosihiro Yasumura to its use as a continuous cell substrate for vaccine manufacturing…

Biologics Production Cell & Tissue Banking

The biologics market, although difficult to estimate, is currently thought to be in excess of $20 billion. In recent years, the growth in the novel therapeutics market has continued to exceed all but the most optimistic of expectations. The number of products in early stage trials may already be over 1,000, with an estimated 40 or so additional products in the process of finally being released to the market. The biologics market is led by relatively few “blockbuster” drugs, but the breadth of novel products continues to expand. This has resulted in exciting times for clinicians but has resulted in concern related to the bottleneck of production capacities for these drugs, as well as the pressure from healthcare agencies to reduce the cost of goods…

Baculovirus Expression Technology Biologics Production

Vaccines represent the most effective means of disease prevention. A variety of vaccines including live-attenuated strains, inactivated organisms, and subunit forms are currently in use. However, advances in molecular biology, virology and immunology have made new classes of potential vaccines possible. One such class currently being developed by AlphaVax is based on an alphavirus-derived expression system. Alphaviruses are members of the Togaviridae family and have positive-sense RNA genomes. The RNA genome is surrounded by a capsid composed of 240 copies of a single capsid protein. Alphaviruses are enveloped viruses that mature at the plasma membrane of the host cell and are 50-70 nm in diameter. The viral envelope contains 80 trimers composed of two viral glycoproteins, E1 and E2. These trimers contain three E1-E2 heterodimers and are arranged in the viral envelope as spikes which protrude from the surface of the virus particle…

Biologics Production Manufacturing Viral Vectors

Adenoviral vectors (AAV’s) offer a promising new approach to vaccine development. They have the ability to be rapidly manipulated for bearing transgenic coding for specific antigenic proteins, efficiently infect a variety of mammalian cell types (including antigen-presenting cells) and induce a broad immune response against the target antigen in vaccine recipients. Furthermore, AAV’s offer an excellent safety profile, in that they can be engineered to be non-replicating in the vaccine recipient and they lack the molecular mechanism for integration into the host genome. AAV’s are highly amenable to scalable manufacturing processes such as the use of stirred tank bioreactors, high capacity filtration methods, and chromatographic purification procedures…

Biologics Production Viral Vectors

Despite 20 years of intensive research, the development of an effective vaccine to combat the worldwide AIDS pandemic remains an elusive goal. Currently, more than 40 million individuals are infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and there have been more than 25 million related deaths. Globally, the rate of new infections is alarming, with ten new infections occurring every minute. Ninety-five percent of these infections occur in the developing world. Several significant challenges face the development of an effective HIV vaccine…

Manufacturing Viral Vectors