Tag: <span>therapeutic proteins</span>

lation components that stabilize the molecule in order to provide the desired product storage stability. Generally, an aqueous formulation is preferred; however, the instability of proteins, both physical (e.g. aggregation) and chemical (e.g. deamidation and oxidation), often necessitates the development of lyophilized formulations. In these formulations, selection of the appropriate stabilizing cryoprotectants, lyoprotectants, and bulking agents is critical. Accelerated stability studies are typically used to evaluate the effect of a single factor at a time in order to identify the optimum pH, buffer, and stabilizing excipients. This approach is limited in that many independent time-consuming experiments must be run, the results are obtained only at the evaluated set points, and additional experiments are required to assess potential interactions between the evaluated factors…

Biologics Production

Recombinant monoclonal antibodies (rMAbs) are the predominant biotherapeutic protein under development today. FDA requires the structure characterization if rMAbs and other recombinant proteins to grant marketing approval. Characterizing such complex, inherently heterogeneous molecules is a significant analytical challenge that requires a broad array of physico-chemical tests. This article reports the use of reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with on-line electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) to rapidly determine the glycoform composition and the heavy chain C-terminal lysine heterogeneity of an intact rMAb. In addition, a novel multidimensional chromatographic platform was developed to investigate the two-dimensional, size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) separation of the rMAb followed by RP-HPLC (HPSEC-RP-HPLC) with on-line ESI-MS analysis. Such analyses can characterize, identify, and confirm the structure of an intact rMAb…

Biologics Production

Monoclonal antibodies constitute a significant percentage of the protein-based therapeutic molecules currently in clinical trials. The broad applicability and proven commercial success for this class of molecules suggest a larger future market potential. The current biopharmaceutical manufacturing capacity is widely anticipated to be a rate-limiting factor in the growth of the biotech sector. Because antibody therapeutics represent such a large part of this market, and because the therapeutic dosages of antibodies tend to be greater than most biopharmaceuticals, there is an immediate need for novel antibody manufacturing approaches that deliver significantly greater productivity…

Biologics Production Manufacturing

Over 25 years have elapsed since Kohler and Milstein electrified the immunology community with their article describing the reliable preparation of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) by fusing immune splencytes with immortalized myeloma cells. This discovery not only garnered the pair of scientists a Nobel Prize, but also led to the development of a technology which has yielded a number of important therapeutic, prophylactic, and diagnostic products for in vivo human use, and hundreds of in vitro diagnostic products. Some of these products proved to be significant in meeting previously unmet medical needs, and a few have been commercial successes. But the path, from Kohler and Milstein’s discovery to commercial products, was discontinuous and a bit bumpy, and the technology continues to evolve…

Biologics Production

More than 130 drug and vaccine approvals for 95 entities over the last 20 years have generated roughly $30 billion in revenue for the biotech industry. The vast majority of this revenue comes from 30 proteins that have manufacturing bottlenecks resulting from the complexities of consistent protein production. The lag times involved in constructing mammalian cell fermentation facilities keeps supply of immensely successful high-volume drugs like Enbrel, Rituxan, and Remicade well below estimated demand. In other cases, the complexities of peptide synthesis threaten the potential of soon-to-be-launched or recently approved drugs like Fuzeon. The Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) has documented more than 371 new biotech drugs in development, supporting the view that demand for many biopharmaceuticals will continue to outstrip supply. That number does not include the multitude of biotech drugs still in research stages…

Biologics Production

The Gel Microdrop (GMD) Secretion Assay involves encapsulating cells within a biotinylated agarose matrix, followed by capture and detection of cell-secreted molecules with fluorescent markers. This technology differs from other encapsulation methods in that the small size of the microdrop (<50 ?m diameter) creates a defined microenvironment around the cell without impeding the fusion of nutrients, antibodies, or nucleic acid probes into the GMDs, or the diffusion of secreted products out of the GMDs. Large numbers of GMDs can be readily analyzed using flow cytometry, and sub-populations of rare or high-secreting cells, as small as 0.1%, can be detected and recovered in one day. This assay format is a rapid alternative to limited dilution cloning (LDC)...

Biologics Production