Safety is typically viewed, perhaps unconsciously, as the result of a collection of factors, conditions, or behaviors. For example, consider “safety” in the context of personal, financial, or travel. With each, safety is defined as a set of component risks that have been managed to satisfactory levels for a particular situation. The same is true for product safety and risk, whether it be for raw materials or finished goods. The “safe” use of fetal bovine serum (FBS) is achieved by the management of controllable risks to a level that is acceptable for each particular application. For example, risk reduction requirements for research applications are not as stringent as for diagnostic, therapeutic, or manufacturing applications. Each end-user must decide on the level of risk reduction that is appropriate for their application…
Tag: <span>cell culture</span>
The ability to scale a cell culture effectively and efficiently, from lab to manufacturing, is critical to maximizing productivity whilst minimizing the risk of run failures and delays that can cost millions of dollars per month. The task of scaling well, however, is still considered to be a challenge by many upstream scientists, and this can be an exercise in trial and error. Traditionally, scaling has most often been performed using arithmetic in a spreadsheet and/or simple “back of an envelope” calculations. For some, it may even come in the form of support from a team of data scientists using advanced analytical software. This dependency on what some consider to be complex mathematics or statistics has resulted in the common consideration of using just one scaling parameter at a time, one scale at a time.
However, it is difficult to determine easily or optimally, from the start, whether a process successfully transfers across scales based on only one process parameter, at one scale. In this article, we describe the benefits of using a risk-based approach to scaling, and the development of a software scaling tool known as BioPAT® Process Insights for predictive scale conversion across different bioreactor scales. BioPAT Process Insights can be used to consider multiple parameters and across multiple scales simultaneously, from the start of a scaling workflow. We briefly describe how it was used in a proof-of-concept scale-up study to allow a faster, more cost-effective process transfer from 250 mL to 2000 L. In summary, using BioPAT Process Insights, in conjunction with a bioreactor range that has comparable geometry and physical similarities across scales, has the potential to help biopharma manufacturing facilities reach 2000 L production-scale volumes with fewer process transfer steps, saving both time and money during scale-up of biologics and vaccines.
Growth performance testing in cell culture is an effective approach to making serum suitability and purchase decisions. An independent commercial testing lab conducted two separate and sequential growth promotion studies to underscore the need for pre-purchase lot performance testing with: (1) FBS; and (2) FBS alternatives. Results from both studies are presented here to compare and contrast:
• FBS lots to each other
• FBS alternatives lots to each other
• FBS alternatives lots to FBS
FBS alternatives are included because they are often overlooked as a cost-effective substitute for FBS, providing, in many cases, equivalent performance. It is advisable to avoid preconceived notions concerning the quality or performance of a serum product without considering the culture system, culture conditions, and the subject cells, which can all have a material impact on its performance in cell culture.
Test – then decide…
With the continued growth of the biopharmaceutical market, the cell culture industry has seen a major shift away from the use of serum and other animal-derived supplements in the manufacture of biopharmaceuticals. Indeed, supporting guidance from the EMEA and FDA for the manufacture of biopharmaceuticals and medical devices encourages the use of “animal-free” components. The key driver for this can be attributed to the increased concern with contamination from adventitious agents such as transmissible encephalopathies…
Foreign substances, such as disease-causing viruses and other infectious agents are recognized by the body’s immune system as invaders. Parts of the spectrum of our defenses are antibodies that bind these antigens and direct their destruction by other elements of the immune system. Antibodies have two very useful characteristics. First, they are extremely specific; that is, each antibody binds to one particular antigen. Second, the body retains the memory of encounters with antigens, enabling it to reproduce an antibody response to a later attack by that that same agent or disease. These properties make it possible to develop vaccines. It is the first trait of antibodies, their specificity, which makes monoclonal antibody (MAb) technology so valuable. Not only can antibodies be used therapeutically, to protect against disease, they also can help diagnose a wide variety of illnesses and can detect the presence of infectious agents (including biological threat agent). The use of MAbs specific for biological warfare agents in fielded assays requires maintaining a high-quality and economical supply of these reagents…
