Cell culture was first devised at the beginning of the 20th century as a method for studying the behavior of animal cells free of systemic variations that might arise in the animal both during normal homeostasis and under the stress of an experiment. During the past thirty, thousands of academic and for-profit organizations have come to rely on cultivation of animal cells as the basic foundation to perform biomedical research and large-scale biomanufacturing. Their success is directly dependent upon the reproducible production of high quality cell culture products. The complexity of the mammalian cell, its growth and storage requirements, and the need to maintain pure and uncontaminated cultures is a constant challenge to those involved with in vitro cell culture…
BioProcessing Journal Posts
Contract manufacturing of recombinant protein drugs and vaccines, as well as other biopharmaceuticals, has been the focus of considerable interest during the past decade. Fueled by a strong clinical development pipeline, primary manufacturing of biopharmaceuticals on a contract basis has attracted multinational industrial concerns willing to invest on the promise of potentially higher returns than are experienced in the production of traditional small molecule drugs. Biopharmaceutical contract manufacturers have made significant contributions to the development and subsequent commercialization of a few highly successful products. However, despite strong growth, consistent profitability has been elusive. The market has changed overr the past decade as customer projects progressed from process development through market launch. Now that several preeminent market players have successfully made the difficult transition from clinical to commercial supplier, what has been learned and how is the market expected to evolve over the next five years?…
Bioreactor productivities are highly dependent on the process used to cultivate mammalian cells. These productivities directly affect the manufacturing plant capacity, and thereby the economics of production of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). Historically, companies have chosen bioreactor process strategies that emphasize simplicity of scale-up at the expense of productivity, and conducted manufacturing using well-characterized and relatively straightforward batch processes. Such processes have successfully produced small or moderate quantities (ranging from ~100 g to ~ 1 kg per lot) of the desired antibody. Given the anticipated demand for large-scale quantities of MAbs (and the high stakes for the companies investing in these new biological entities), it is worthwhile to revisit these past selection strategies and see if — and under what conditions — they remain optimal today…
The revolution in biotechnology has led to 133 biotechnology-derived medicines being approved by 2001 with sales of $22 billion. This is less than 10 percent of today’s total pharmaceutical market, but it is a rapidly growing sector. Biologics are predicted to grow to nearly $50 billion by 2008. Marketed biopharmaceuticals include several blockbuster products with multibillion-dollar sales. In recent years, biotechnology-derived therapies represented 10 percent to 20 percent of all new approved molecular entities and hundreds more are in development, including nearly 200 proteins in late-stage trials. Microbial and mammalian expression systems are typically used to produce biotherapeutic proteins (many companies are also working on transgenic expression systems). Microbial cultures (typically, Escherichia coli or yeast) are used to produce smaller, less-complex proteins or those where specific modifications, especially glycosolation, are not required…
Recombinant monoclonal antibodies (rMAbs) are the predominant biotherapeutic protein under development today. FDA requires the structure characterization if rMAbs and other recombinant proteins to grant marketing approval. Characterizing such complex, inherently heterogeneous molecules is a significant analytical challenge that requires a broad array of physico-chemical tests. This article reports the use of reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with on-line electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) to rapidly determine the glycoform composition and the heavy chain C-terminal lysine heterogeneity of an intact rMAb. In addition, a novel multidimensional chromatographic platform was developed to investigate the two-dimensional, size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) separation of the rMAb followed by RP-HPLC (HPSEC-RP-HPLC) with on-line ESI-MS analysis. Such analyses can characterize, identify, and confirm the structure of an intact rMAb…
In the past, most large construction projects used a system called design-bid-build. Now, pharmaceutical companies planning cleanrooms have begun using an improved system, design-build, which can save millions of dollars and cut months from construction schedules. Design-build also can provide better quality end results than design-bid-build…
Long-term growth of the biopharmaceutical industry is increasingly relying on outsourcing to overcome the current capacity constraints, especially for monoclonal antibody production. Companies are often reluctant to commit to building multimillion dollar manufacturing facilities for potential products with no guarantee of approval. Therefore to offset risks, companies will enter into contract manufacturing arrangements…
Tissue engineering is an emerging area of biotechnology that will provide replacement tissues for patients, as well as complex, functional biological systems for research and testing in the pharmaceutical industry. A new research area of tissue engineering is the investigation of how living cells interact with and respond to synthetic biomaterial surfaces. The clinical developments that underlie that research include a number of novel tissue-engineered medical products (TEMPs)…