The quantitative and qualitative analysis of proteins and their amino acid sequence composition is a critical operation in many research laboratories and operations. Much protein analysis is performed using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet (UV) or fluorescence detection. Although these methods are robust and widely used, certain issues limit their utility. For example, some proteins or peptides may have a poor UV response and can be difficult to detect. Direct comparisons of protein levels when quantitated directly by UV can also be problematic due to differences in extinction coefficients of various proteins…
Category: <span>Research</span>
The Dale and Betty Bumpers Vaccine Research Center (VRC) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) was established to facilitate research in vaccine development. The VRC is dedicated to improving global human health through the rigorous pursuit of effective vaccines for human diseases. It was established by former president Bill Clinton as part of an initiative to help develop an AIDS vaccine and is part of the NIAID organization. Since the inception of the VRC, its mission has expanded to include the development of vaccines against bioterrorism and emerging infectious diseases…
R&D output continues to climb with advances in laboratory automation and data analytics but, when measured in terms of the number of drug approvals versus expenditures, the productivity of R&D has been in decline. This paradox confounds many organizations as they struggle to improve. A common strategy has been to invest in informatics. These investments are meant to increase the effectiveness and speed of the decision-making process in which validated findings are compared against predicted outcomes — to close the loop between design and experimentation. But the loop has not been closed in a broad and coherent way, and increased productivity has not been achieved. Instead, the information management landscape in life sciences R&D has remained fragmented, with barriers between disciplines and geographies that prevent broad-based productivity gains…
There is an increasing emphasis in clinical and translational research on the discovery and development of biomarkers that are indicative of a disease state. While biomarkers are not exclusively proteins, the emergence of new mass spectrometry platforms combined with the human genome databases has rejuvenated the search for biomarker proteins, especially in readily available body fluids such as blood. There is currently a tremendous need for an improved ability to “mine” the full depth of the proteome in a high throughput manner. To advance clinical proteomics, methodologies are needed that can accommodate higher throughput while facilitating the ability to observe large numbers of protein events…
Singapore’s vision is to become a global hub for the biomedical sciences (BMS) with world-class capabilities ranging from basic and clinical research to manufacturing and healthcare delivery. This vision encompasses pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, medical technology, and healthcare services. Singapore’s BMS initiative was launched in June 2000 with the goal of developing the industry into a key pillar of Singapore’s economy. It is overseen by a Ministerial Committee chaired by Deputy Prime Minister Dr. Tony Tan and implemented by an executive committee led by Mr. Philip Yeo, who is chairman of the Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR) and co-chairman of Singapore’s Economic Development Board (EDB)…
The last decade witnessed remarkable scientific and technological advances in a number of scientific disciplines, including cell biology, microbiology, molecular biology, oncology, virology, infectious diseases, diagnostic technologies, analytical chemistry, instrumentation, and informatics. These advances have had a major impact on medicine, which has experienced fantastic progress in improving disease diagnosis, treatment, and overall patient care. Despite the advances in developing ever more sophisticated technologies and increasing the understanding of disease, new maladies continue to emerge. This is especially true for infectious ailments. Despite great developments in epidemiology, diagnostics, and agent detection technologies, as well as a comprehensive understanding of the biology of many known infectious agents and their virulence factors, we also are witnessing a dramatic increase in the number of new agents and diseases….
Parvoviruses are one of the most prevalent infectious agents in the laboratory rodent. Their effect on research can range from immune dysfunction that may mislead researchers when interpreting results to lethal effects on animals. Until recently parvovirus infection in mice was thought to be caused by minute mouse virus (MMV) and in rats by rat viral agents in the KRV or H-1 serogroups. Relatively newly discovered viruses in these groups are mouse (MPV) and rat parvoviruses (RPV-1 and 2). Parvoviruses are 15–20 nm in diameter and are single-stranded DNA viruses of about 5,000 nucleotides, which replicate through a double-stranded DNA intermediate. The protein composition consists of three structural or capsid proteins providing the viral coat (VP-1, VP-2, and VP-3) and two non-structural proteins involved in viral replication (NS-1 and NS-2). Among the capsid proteins,VP-2 is the major protein…
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprise a “superfamily” of cell surface receptors that play a prominent role in cell signalling and are classified into more than 100 subfamilies according to sequence, ligand structure, and receptor function. They are cell surface receptor proteins with seven transmembrane domains which transduce extracellular signals to the interior of cells through heterotrimeric G proteins. GPCRs’ exposure at the exterior cell surface and strong role in cell regulation has provided a rich target family for small compound therapeutics. Of the estimated 35,000 genes in the human genome, approximately 750 encode for GPCRs; half likely encoding sensory receptors, the remaining half representing potential drug targets. Only about 30 of these potential targets are currently modulated by existing pharmaceuticals with approximately 400 remaining potential pharmaceutical targets for validation…
Tissue engineering is an emerging area of biotechnology that will provide replacement tissues for patients, as well as complex, functional biological systems for research and testing in the pharmaceutical industry. A new research area of tissue engineering is the investigation of how living cells interact with and respond to synthetic biomaterial surfaces. The clinical developments that underlie that research include a number of novel tissue-engineered medical products (TEMPs)…