Recombinant protein expression using the Baculovirus Expression Vector System (BEVS) is a powerful tool for the production of therapeutics, diagnostics, and reagents. To maximize efficiency of protein production, and thereby reduce costs, it is important to optimize the production parameters. A crucial step in optimization is determining the best multiplicity of infection (MOI) for the system in use. Factors that can affect the MOI include the recombinant baculovirus itself as well as cell line type and media composition. Typically the titer of a viral stock is determined in a standard manner, and then that titer is applied to each and every parameter tested; for instance, titering the virus on a Spodoptera cell line in a serum-containing media, and then using those data to determine the MOI used to infect Trichoplusia cells in a serum-free media formulation. The results may suggest that either the Trichoplusia cell line or the media formulation is inadequate for protein expression when, in fact, the MOI was incorrect for that particular combination…
Tag: <span>recombinant proteins</span>
The use of plants as protein expression hosts for human therapeutic proteins is emerging as a safe and cost-effective alternative to microbial and mammalian cell culture. Pharmaceutical protein production is typically carried out in microbes and mammalian cell culture because of their high production potential and/or ability to produce complex eukaryotic proteins. However, immense costs are typically required for production facilities to support their growth. To offset these costs, companies usually build and expand a production facility over several years. In fact, it has been predicted that the demand for high-value pharmaceuticals produced by cell culture will quickly surpass the ability of pharmaceutical companies to produce them…
The first use of mammalian cell culture for the production of vaccines dates back to polio vaccine development in the 1950s. The development of hybridoma technology in the 1970s further stimulated the use of mammalian cells for the production of monoclonal antibodies. Together with developments in genetic engineering, it therefore became possible to produce a wide range of recombinant proteins as well as to improve cell metabolism. Animal cells are now widely used in industrial processes to obtain complex glycoproteins with correct posttranslational modifications and biological activity for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Animal cells are the main source for commercially available recombinant proteins such as tissue plasminogen activator (tPa), erythropoietin (EPO), DNAse, factor VIII, interferon-ß, and monoclonal antibodies…
At the onset of modern-day biotechnology, products typically fell into two distinct categories, the traditional high volume, low value products (e.g. beer and industrial enzymes) that had come to characterize the biotechnology industry, and low volume, high cost products. Recombinant proteins, the result of technological advances in molecular biology, have come to typify these latter products. Recombinant protein therapeutics have been hugely successful, potentially outstripping production capacity and continue to drive much of the biotechnology. Meanwhile, many recombinant proteins, those characterized as research tools and reagents, are governed by a price-volume relationship typical of industrial enzymes. In a competitive environment, they are fast becoming commodities — price sensitive, packaged as kits, coupled to instrumentation, and relying on heavy marketing and brand recognition. Ominously, the advantage protein therapeutics have enjoyed with patent protection and regulatory constraints on production is being threatened as patents expire and competition from generics increases…
In general, the industry has gone through another of its realignment periods, where much was learned, but a lot of restructuring and refocusing took place. Driven by the need to keep the doors open, small to medium sized firms had to do some severe belt tightening, or completely redefine themselves as to technologies, products, and personnel. Many of the larger firms reevaluated their product pipelines, and then made the changes they felt were necessary to assure future revenues, or to make themselves attractive merger partners. Numerous large mergers took place with some that were the largest the biopharmaceutical industry has ever seen. In addition, several medium-sized companies merged, or otherwise found strategic alliances that energized their product pipelines, or simply provided the cash they needed to keep going. Antibody products did very well with a number of blockbusters receiving license approval in 2003…
Contract manufacturing of recombinant protein drugs and vaccines, as well as other biopharmaceuticals, has been the focus of considerable interest during the past decade. Fueled by a strong clinical development pipeline, primary manufacturing of biopharmaceuticals on a contract basis has attracted multinational industrial concerns willing to invest on the promise of potentially higher returns than are experienced in the production of traditional small molecule drugs. Biopharmaceutical contract manufacturers have made significant contributions to the development and subsequent commercialization of a few highly successful products. However, despite strong growth, consistent profitability has been elusive. The market has changed overr the past decade as customer projects progressed from process development through market launch. Now that several preeminent market players have successfully made the difficult transition from clinical to commercial supplier, what has been learned and how is the market expected to evolve over the next five years?…