In recent years, cell therapy has been suggested as a promising approach for repair and regeneration of damaged tissues. VesCell™, a blood-derived autologous cell therapy product consisting of ex vivo enriched angiogenic cell precursors (ACPs) was developed by TheraVitae for the treatment of severe heart diseases. A non-mobilized, blood-derived cell population consisting of low density cells, termed synergetic cell population (SCP), was isolated and cultured in the presence of serum-free medium (X-Vivo 15, Lonza, Walkersville, MD, USA) supplemented with growth factors and autologous serum to yield VesCell. Significant cell numbers (>50×106) exhibiting morphological, immunocytochemical, and functional characteristics of the angiogenic cell lineage were obtained from blood samples. The ACPs expressed the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) markers CD34, CD133 and CD117, as well as specific angiogenic markers such as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) (receptor 2 [R2] is also known as kinase domain region [KDR]), CD144, and CD31…