Storage and shipping variables may significantly impact cryopreserved product quality. In this particular article, the focus is on temperature control issues. The AATB (American Association of Tissue Banks) Standards for Tissue Banking state that cryopreserved cardiac allografts shall be maintained at temperatures of –100°C or colder. Heart valves are usually stored below –135°C in vapor phase nitrogen. There have been few published studies of higher (warmer) storage temperatures. Most heart valves are transported using dry shippers that maintain vapor phase nitrogen temperatures. These containment devices are expensive, and the costs for two-way shipping are significant due to their size and weight. Considerable savings could be had if dry ice shippers with temperature excursions warmer than the AATB standard (of up to –70°C) could be employed…
Tag: <span>cardiac medicine</span>
Three types of heart valves are employed for replacement in patients: mechanical, xenogeneic tissue, and allogeneic human valves derived from donors post-mortem. The intention of this article is two-fold: 1) to place issues associated with the preservation of allogeneic human heart valves in perspective relative to the AATB Standards for Tissue Banking and current practices in US cardiovascular tissue-processing facilities; and 2) present potential opportunities for improvements with appropriate validation. Most patients receive either xenogeneic tissue or mechanical valves; however, the use of cryopreserved human valve allografts became established during the 1970s and 1980s for certain patient subsets…
Controlled cell deposition by way of micrometer-sized jets are increasingly becoming a fiercely pursued area of research. We recently uncovered the ability to jet living cells using one such jetting methodology, now referred to as bio-electrosprays. This technique has never been explored for processing living cells until now. Electrosprays charge media within a needle, subsequently imposing an external electric field to assist in drawing the media into a micro-jet. The resulting instabilities assist in jet break-up, forming cell-bearing droplets. These droplets containing viable cells could be deposited onto a wide variety of biological and non-biological substrates. In this article, we report our developmental studies into this jet approach with a view to the successful handling and deposition of primary neonatal cardiac myocytes…