A variety of affinity chromatography mechanisms exist that exploit either immobilized proteins or small molecule ligands. Among them, protein-A chromatography is widely used as a platform technology for a commercial-scale manufacturing of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. Antigen, dye and specific ligand-columns are used to purify target proteins for research uses and diagnostic applications. It uses specific interactions between affinity columns and target proteins. In general, the samples containing a protein of interest, such as cell culture media, serum, and tissue or cell lysates, are loaded on to the affinity columns; the proteins will normally bind to the column due to high affinity…