Mass transfer is one of the most crucial parameters during scale-up in cell culture, and may cause variations in specific yields. At the cellular level, all the cells require proper supplementation of essential nutrient sources: nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon. The ability of cells to grow, maintain viability, and provide high specific productivity depends on the proper distribution of these nutrients. The latter depends on proper mass transfer to supply oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen through agitation and aeration, along with other micronutrients…